Showing posts with label The Bodyguard. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Bodyguard. Show all posts

Sunday, December 19, 2021

The Top 100 Soundtracks of All Time

Soundtracks:

The Top 100 of All Time

This list was first posted on April 17, 2011, as a note on the Dave’s Music Database Facebook page. It has been revised a few times since then. As with most DMDB lists, this was created based on sales, chart peaks, awards, and an aggregate of lists, in this case more than 100 best-of lists focused on cast albums, musicals, soundtracks, and music-themed movies. You can click on the titles of the soundtrack for more detailed pages at DavesMusicDatabase.com. Unless noted otherwise, soundtracks are recorded by various artists.

Check out other best-of-genre/category lists here.

1. Prince & the Revolution Purple Rain (1984)
2. Bee Gees et al Saturday Night Fever (1977)
3. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) (1965) The Sound of Music
4. Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim (composers) West Side Story (1961)
5. Olivia Newton-John, John Travolta, et al Grease (1978)
6. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) South Pacific (1958)
7. Whitney Houston et al The Bodyguard (1992)
8. Dirty Dancing (1987)
9. O Brother Where Art Thou (soundtrack, 2000)
10. Curtis Mayfield Superfly (1972)

11. Richard and Robert Sherman (composers) Mary Poppins (1964)
12. Elton John and Tim Rice (composers) The Lion King (1994)
13. James Horner Titanic (1997)
14. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) The King and I (1956)
15. American Graffiti (1973)
16. Frozen (2013)
17. The Beatles A Hard Day’s Night (1964)
18. Jimmy Cliff et al The Harder They Come (1972)
19. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) Oklahoma! (1955)
20. Al Jolson Songs He Made Famous (1946)

21. Eminem et al 8 Mile (2002)
22. High School Musical (TV soundtrack, 2006)
23. Footloose (1984)
24. Woodstock (recorded live 1969, released 1970)
25. Whitney Houston et al Waiting to Exhale (1995)
26. Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (composers) My Fair Lady (1964)
27. Talking Heads Stop Making Sense (live, recorded 1983, released 1984)
28. Mario Lanza The Student Prince (1954)
29. George & Ira Gershwin (composers) An American in Paris (1951)
30. Madonna et al Evita (1996)

31. Flashdance (1983)
32. Elvis Presley Blue Hawaii (1961)
33. Henry Mancini The Music from Peter Gunn (1959)
34. Top Gun (1986)
35. Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg, & Herbert Stothart (composers) The Wizard of Oz (1939)
36. Jerome Kern & Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) Show Boat (1951)
37. Pulp Fiction (1994)
38. The Band The Last Waltz (live, recorded 1976; released April 1978)
39. Earth, Wind & Fire That’s the Way of the World (1975)
40. Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (composers) Gigi (1958)

41. John Kander & Fred Ebb (composers) Chicago (2003)
42. Alan Menken & Howard Ashman (composers) Beauty and the Beast (1997)
43. Simon & Garfunkel The Graduate (1968)
44. Forrest Gump (1994)
45. Jerry Bock & Sheldon Harnick (composers) Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
46. Elvis Presley G.I. Blues (1960)
47. Moulin Rouge (2001)
48. John Kander & Fred Ebb (composers) Cabaret (1972)
49. Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) Carousel (1956)
50. Andrew Lloyd Webber, Charles Hart, & Richard Stilgoe (composers) Phantom of the Opera (2004)

51. High School Musical 2 (TV soundtrack, 2007)
52. Nacio Herb Brown & Arthur Freed (composers) Singin’ in the Rain (1952)
53. Isaac Hayes Shaft (1971)
54. The Blues Brothers The Blues Brothers (1980)
55. Irving Berlin (composer) Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
56. Andrew Lloyd Webber & Tim Rice (composers) Jesus Christ Superstar (1973)
57. Meredith Willson (composer) The Music Man (1962)
58. The Beatles Help! (1965)
59. Jane Froman With a Song in My Heart (1952)
60. Prince & the Revolution Parade (Under the Cherry Moon soundtrack, 1986)

61. Henry Mancini Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961)
62. Benny Andersson & Björn Ulvaeus (composers) Mamma Mia! (2008)
63. Cole Porter (composer) Kiss Me, Kate (1954)
64. Spinal Tap This Is Spinal Tap (1984)
65. Richard O’Brien (composer) The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
66. Elvis Presley Loving You (1957)
67. Galt MacDermot, Gerome Ragni, & James Rado (composers) Hair (cast album, 1967)
68. Frank Churchill (composer) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938)
69. John Williams (composer) Star Wars IV: A New Hope (1977)
70. Al Jolson Souvenir Album (1947)

71. Lionel Bart (composer) Oliver! (1968)
72. The Commitments The Commitments (1991)
73. Miami Vice (TV soundtrack, 1985)
74. Almost Famous (2000)
75. Stephen Sondheim (composer) Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2008)
76. Alan Menken, Howard Ashman, & Tim Rice Aladdin (1992)
77. Jonathan Larson (composer) Rent (2005)
78. Marc Shaiman & Scott Wittman Hairspray (2002)
79. Jule Styne & Bob Merrill (composers), Barbara Streisand (performer) Funny Girl (1968)
80. Prince Batman (1989)

81. Exodus (1961)
82. Elvis Presley King Creole (1958)
83. Olivia Newton-John/Electric Light Orchestra Xanadu (1980)
84. Doris Day Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
85. Glen Hansard & Marketa Irglova as The Swell Season Once (2007)
86. Around the World in 80 Days (1957)
87. Glee Cast Volume 3 Showstoppers (2010)
88. Barbra Streisand & Kris Kristofferson A Star Is Born (1976)
89. Danny Kaye Hans Christian Andersen (1953)
90. Baz Luhrmann (composer) Romeo + Juliet (1996)

91. Bad Boys II (2003)
92. Coyote Ugly (2000)
93. Mario Lanza The Great Caruso (1951)
94. Garden State (2004)
95. Richard Rodgers & Lorenz Hart (composers) Pal Joey (1957)
96. Three Little Words (1950)
97. Madonna I’m Breathless (1990)
98. Neil Diamond The Jazz Singer (1980)
99. Maurice Jarre Doctor Zhivago (1966)
100. Harry Warren & Al Dubin (composers) 42nd Street (1933)


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First posted 4/17/2011; last updated 12/19/2021.

Friday, September 11, 2020

The World's Top 100+ All-Time Best-Selling Albums

First posted 2/20/2012; last updated 9/11/2020.

World’s Best-Selling Albums:

The Top 100+ Albums

You’d think it would be simple to generate this list; you just count up how many sales each album has and the one with the most is the best-seller and so on, right? Well…

There’s a couple problems. First, on a global scale, there just isn’t any solid means in place for tracking albums. Second, even those official sales measurers (such as the RIAA in the United States) favor more recent albums because of improvements in tracking over the years and simple population growth. Third, albums that preceded official tracking measures don’t even typically show up on all-time best-selling lists.

As a result, the DMDB has compiled what lists it can find to try to generate a worldwide bestsellers list. Click here for a complete list of those sources. In the event of ties, the oldest album is listed first. Click on an album to go to its DMDB page.

Note: One should certainly regard this list with at least some skepticism. Remember, these aren’t official numbers, just estimates. Also, to boost an album’s reputation, even official websites or record companies may inflate numbers. (Iron Butterfly has sold 30 million copies worldwide of In-A-Gada-Da-Vida? Really?) However, it is my opinion that these estimates come much closer to reflecting all-times sales than the official records reflect.

Note: when albums sold the same amount, they are listed by overall DMDB points. Also, this list is slightly over 100 albums to include all those which sold 20 million or more.

1. 72.4 million: Michael Jackson Thriller (1982)
2. 50 million: AC/DC Back in Black (1980)
3. 50 million: Meat Loaf Bat Out of Hell (1977)
4. 45 million: Pink Floyd Dark Side of the Moon (1973)
5. 44.5 million: Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin IV (1971)
6. 42.9 million: Eagles Their Greatest Hits 1971-1975 (1976)
7. 40.4 million: Grease (soundtrack, 1978)
8. 40 million: Fleetwood Mac Rumours (1977)
9. 40 million: Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack, 1977)
10. 40 million: Shania Twain Come on Over (1997)

11. 38.5 million: Various Artists (Whitney Houston et al) The Bodyguard (soundtrack, 1992)
12. 35.0 million: Michael Jackson Bad (1987)
13. 34.4 million: Abba Gold: Greatest Hits (compilation, 1992)
14. 33 million: Alanis Morissette Jagged Little Pill (1995)
15. 33 million: Celine Dion Falling into You (1996)
16. 32.6 million: Dire Straits Brothers in Arms (1985)
17. 32.33 million: Eagles Hotel California (1976)
18. 32 million: The Beatles Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
19. 32 million: Various Artists Dirty Dancing (soundtrack, 1987)
20. 32 million: Michael Jackson Dangerous (1991)

21. 32 million: Mariah Carey Music Box (1993)
22. 31.5 million: The Beatles 1 (compilation, 2000)
23. 31.5 million: Madonna The Immaculate Collection (compilation, 1990)
24. 31.3 million: Bob Marley & the Wailers Legend (compilation, 1984)
25. 31 million: Adele 21
26. 31 million: Metallica Metallica (aka “The Black Album”) (1991)
27. 31 million: Celine Dion Let’s Talk about Love (1997)
28. 30.7 million: Pink Floyd The Wall (1979)
29. 30.4 million: Guns N’ Roses Appetite for Destruction (1987)
30. 30 million: Nirvana Nevermind (1991)

31. 30 million: The Beatles Abbey Road (1969)
32. 30 million: U2 The Joshua Tree (1987)
33. 30 million: Elton John Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973)
34. 30 million: Bruce Springsteen Born in the U.S.A. (1984)
35. 30 million: Santana Supernatural (1999)
36. 30 million: the Beatles 1962-1966 (compilation, 1973)
37. 30 million: James Horner (composer) Titanic (soundtrack, 1997)
38. 30 million: Iron Butterfly In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968)
39. 30 million: Bee Gees Spirits Having Flown (1979)
40. 29.8 million: The Beatles 1967-1970 (compilation, 1973)

41. 28.5 million: Simon & Garfunkel Bridge Over Troubled Water (1970)
42. 28.3 million: Britney Spears Baby…One More Time (1999)
43. 28 million: Bon Jovi Slippery When Wet (1986)
44. 28 million: Boston Boston (1976)
45. 28 million: Backstreet Boys Backstreet Boys (U.S. version, 1997)
46. 27.6 million: Queen Greatest Hits (compilation, 1981)
47. 27.6 million: Spice Girls Spice (1996)
48. 27 million: Norah Jones Come Away with Me (2002)
49. 27 million: Eminem The Eminem Show (2002)
50. 27 million: Elton John Greatest Hits (compilation, 1974)

51. 27 million: Linkin Park Hybrid Theory (2000)
52. 26.45 million: Phil Collins No Jacket Required (1985)
53. 26.3 million: Madonna True Blue (1986)
54. 26 million: Prince & the Revolution Purple Rain (soundtrack, 1984)
55. 26 million: Eric Clapton Unplugged (live, 1992)
56. 26 million: Madonna Like a Virgin (1984)
57. 26 million: U2 Songs of Innocence (2014)
58. 25.1 million: Simon & Garfunkel Greatest Hits (compilation, 1972)
59. 25 million: Carole King Tapestry (1971)
60. 25 million: George Michael Faith (1987)

61. 25 million: Whitney Houston Whitney Houston (1985)
62. 25 million: Backstreet Boys Millenium (1999)
63. 25 million: Mariah Carey Daydream (1995)
64. 25 million: Elvis Presley Christmas Album (1957)
65. 24.5 million: Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin II (1969)
66. 24.4 million: Phil Collins But Seriously (1989)
67. 24.3 million: Whitney Houston Whitney (1987)
68. 24 million: Backstreet Boys Black & Blue (2000)
69. 23.9 million: Hootie & the Blowfish Cracked Rear View (1994)
70. 23.4 million: ZZ Top Eliminator (1983)

71. 23.35 million: Eminem The Marshall Mathers LP (2000)
72. 23 million: Garth Brooks No Fences (1990)
73. 23 million: Ace of Base The Sign (aka “Happy Nation”) (1993)
74. 22.4 million: Oasis (What’s the Story) Morning Glory (1995)
75. 22.3 million: Queen Greatest Hits 2 (compilation, 1991)
76. 22 million: Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein II (composers) The Sound of Music (soundtrack, 1965)
77. 22 million: Def Leppard Hysteria (1987)
78. 22 million: Adele 25 (2015)
79. 22 million: Michael Jackson HIStory: Past, Present, and Future Book 1 (studio album/compilation, 1995)
80. 22 million: Celine Dion All the Way…A Decade of Song (compilation, 1999)

81. 21.5 million: The Beatles The Beatles (aka “The White Album”) (1968)
82. 21.4 million: Billy Joel Greatest Hits Volume I & II (compilation, 1985)
83. 21.3 million: Pink Floyd Wish You Were Here (1975)
84. 21 million: Lionel Richie Can’t Slow Down (1983)
85. 21 million: Bon Jovi Cross Road (compilation, 1994)
86. 21 million: Boyz II Men Men II (1994)
87. 21 million: Dido No Angel (1999)
88. 20.4 million: U2 Achtung Baby (1991)
89. 20.4 million: Tracy Chapman Tracy Chapman (1988)
90. 20 million: The Who Tommy (1969)

91. 20 million: Michael Jackson Off the Wall (1979)
92. 20 million: Blondie Parallel Lines (1978)
93. 20 million: Green Day Dookie (1994)
94. 20 million: MC Hammer Please Hammer Don’t Hurt ‘Em (1990)
95. 20 million: Supertramp Breakfast in America (1979)
96. 20 million: Usher Confessions (2004)
97. 20 million: The Fugees The Score (1996)
98. 20 million: Tina Turner Private Dancer (1984)
99. 20 million: Shania Twain The Woman in Me (1995)
100. 20 million: Mariah Carey #1’s (compilation, 1998)

101. 20 million: Meat Loaf Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell (1993)
102. 20 million: Various Artists: Flashdance (soundtrack, 1983)
103. 20 million: Celine Dion The Colour of My Love (1993)
104. 20 million: Aerosmith Get a Grip (1993)
105. 20 million: Ricky Martin Ricky Martin (1999)
106. 20 million: Britney Spears Oops!...I Did It Again (2000)


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Saturday, August 22, 2020

Dave's Music Database Hall of Fame: Album Inductees (August 2020)

Originally posted 8/22/2020.

January 22, 2019 marked the 10-year anniversary of the DMDB blog. To honor that, Dave’s Music Database announced its own Hall of Fame. This month marks the seventh batch of album inductees. Since theBillboard album chart launched in 1945, only 17 albums have spent 20 weeks or more at #1. Six of them have been previously inducted: Adele 21 (2011), Fleetwood Mac Rumours (1977), Michael Jackson Thriller (1982), the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack (1977), and the South Pacific cast album (1949) and soundtrack (1958). That leaves 11 albums to be inducted in this batch.

Harry Belafonte Calypso (1956)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

“With this landmark album, calypso not only became tattooed to Belafonte permanently; it had a revolutionary effect on folk music in the 1950s and ‘60s.” AMG “Calypso became the first million-selling album by a single artist…[and] triggered a veritable tidal wave of imitators, parodists, and artists wishing to capitalize on its success.” AMG Read more.

Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim (composers) West Side Story (soundtrack, 1961)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

West Side Story is hailed as “one of the greatest musicals of all time.” RU The modern take on Romeo and Juliet opened on Broadway in 1957 and won Tonys for choreography and design. In 1961, it was made into a movie which went on to win 10 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The soundtrack spent more weeks atop the Billboard album chart (54) than any other album in history and won the Grammy for Best Soundtrack or Cast Album. Read more.

Bing Crosby Merry Christmas (aka ‘White Christmas’) (1945)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

This is the second best-selling Christmas album of all-time, only behind Elvis Presley. When it comes to songs, though, nothing tops the 56 million in sales of “White Christmas,” just one of the songs featured in this collection. Originally issued as five 78s in 1945, this was reissued and repackaged multiple times. However, since the 1955 vinyl reissue, only the cast recording of Oklahoma! has been in print longer. Read more.

Jane Froman With a Song in My Heart (1952)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

The movie biopic starred Oscar-nominee Susan Hayward as Jane Froman, a star of Broadway, radio, television, and movies during a 30-year career. Froman supplied the vocals for the movie and this soundtrack of her collection of standards, including “Blue Moon” and “Tea for Two,” was released. Read more.

Jackie Gleason Music for Lovers Only (1953)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

While known more as a comedic actor, Gleason also took an active role in the music featured on his shows. He couldn’t read or write music, nor was he a conductor or composer, but he released a series of “orchestral pop” albums in the ‘50s and ‘60s that were designed as mood music. Gleason said, “The only thing better than one of my songs is one of my songs with a glass of scotch.” SA Read more.

M.C. Hammer Please Hammer Don’t Hurt ‘Em (1990)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

The album didn’t break any new ground; its biggest hits, “U Can’t Touch This” and “Pray” borrowed their hooks from Rick James’ “Super Freak” and Prince’s “When Doves Cry” respectively while “Have You Seen Her?” was pretty much a cover of the Chi-Lites’ song. However, the familiarity of the music helped propel rap music from “a specialty niche genre” AMG to a “commercial juggernaut.” AMG Read more.

Al Jolson Songs He Made Famous (soundtrack, 1946)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

This collection of re-recordings of some of Jolson’s biggest hits from 1913 to 1928 served as the soundtrack for the 1946 movie musical The Jolson Story, a somewhat fictionalized version of Jolson’s life. The re-recorded versions of “My Mammy” and “April Showers” were top-20, million-selling hits. The soundtrack was followed by a second volume entitled Souvenir Album. Read more.

Mario Lanza The Student Prince (soundtrack, 1954)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

Sigmund Romberg’s operetta The Student Prince opened on Broadway in 1924. When cast albums became popular in the 1940s, Columbia, RCA Victor, and Decca all released versions. However, the one that became the biggest success – spending more weeks at #1 than all albums in history except the cast album for The Sound of Music and the soundtrack for West Side Story – was Mario Lanza’s soundtrack recording to accompany the 1954 MGM film. Read more.

Elvis Presley Blue Hawaii (soundtrack, 1961)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

When Elvis came back from the Army, he delved into movies, churning out dozens of soundtracks. They took on a formulaic quality, but the earlier ones – like Blue Hawaii – were still “attractive if flawed efforts.” BE The Hawaiianesque flavor of this soundtrack “doesn’t necessarily present Elvis in…his strongest musical setting, BE but it does feature standout tracks such as “Aloha Oe,” “No More,” and “Can’t Help Falling in Love,” “arguably the best song in any Elvis movie, and maybe the best song ever written for a rock & roll movie.” BE Read more.

Prince & the Revolution Purple Rain (soundtrack, 1984)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

Prince had experienced mainstream success prior to Purple Rain, but the schmaltzy movie based loosely on his life became a surprise hit – and the soundtrack became a juggernaut. It was huge right out of the gate, selling a million and a half copies in its first week. “When Doves Cry” and “Let’s Go Crazy” were #1 hits and the title cut and “I Would Die 4 U” landed in the top 10. The album spent a whopping 6 months atop the album chart. Read more.

Various artists (Whitney Houston et al) The Bodyguard (soundtrack, 1992)

Inducted August 2020 as “Albums with 20+ Weeks at #1.”

Whitney Houston was already a superstar before taking on her first big-screen role in The Bodyguard. The movie was hit, but the soundtrack’s success was astonishing. Houston’s cover of Dolly Parton’s “I Will Always Love You” spent a record-shattering 14 weeks at #1, propelling the soundtrack to the top of the album charts. It sold more than 38 million worldwide and won the Grammy for Album of the Year. Read more.

Saturday, November 28, 1992

Whitney Houston hit #1 with "I Will Always Love You"

I Will Always Love You

Dolly Parton

Writer(s): Dolly Parton (see lyrics here)


Released: March 11, 1974


First Charted: April 6, 1974


Peak: 53 BB, 12 CW, 8 CN, 72 AU, 7 DF (Click for codes to charts.)


Sales (in millions): 1.0 US, 0.2 UK


Airplay/Streaming (in millions): 10.0 radio, 56.38 video, 123.23 streaming

I Will Always Love You

Whitney Houston


Released: November 3, 1992


First Charted: November 13, 1992


Peak: 114 US, 114 CB, 17 GR, 17 RR, 1511 RB, 110 UK, 18 CN, 110 AU, 2 DF (Click for codes to charts.)


Sales (in millions): 10.0 US, 2.0 UK, 24.0 world (includes US + UK)


Airplay/Streaming (in millions): 10.0 radio, 2030.25 video, 684.43 streaming

Awards (Parton’s version):

Awards (Houston’s version):

About the Song:

“If anyone was born a songwriter, it was Dolly Parton.” CL Her “God-given gifts were never better displayed than when she wrote ‘I Will Always Love You,’” CL her most successful song. She wrote it for Porter Wagoner, her mentor and professional partner. It “was a thank you for the break Wagoner had given her. It was also her good-bye” CL as she knew she had to move on by herself. It became a #1 country song in 1974 and 1982. The latter was a re-recorded version for the film The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. Dolly even hit the country charts with it a third time when a 1995 duet version with Vince Gill went to #15.

However, it was Whitney’s version that exploded. Considering that this song has topped six different U.S. charts for a combined total of 55 weeks, it could be declared the most successful chart single of all time. Author Rod Couch certainly thought so, ranking it the #1 song of the rock era in his 2015 book. RC On the U.S. pop charts, Elvis Presley’s double-sided single “Don’t Be Cruel”/“Hound Dog” held the record for most weeks (11) atop the Billboard Hot 100 for 36 years before Boyz II Men grabbed the pinnacle for 13 weeks with “End of the Road.” However, the Boyz didn’t hang on to the record quite as long as The King. A mere two weeks after “Road” finished its reign, the song that would dethrone it slid into the #1 spot.

Whitney’s version was featured in the movie The Bodyguard. It had to illustrate Kevin Costner’s character’s background when it plays on a jukebox at a blue-collar bar and show Houston’s glamorous, superstar singer lifestyle when she sings it to him later as a tribute. FB The original plan to record Jimmy Ruffin’s “What Becomes of the Broken Hearted” was scuttled when the movie Fried Green Tomatoes got first dibs. Costner brought a 1975 Linda Ronstadt version of “Love You” to Houston, who re-arranged it as a soul ballad. WK It was also Costner who suggested the a cappella opening for her version. SS

Not everyone was enamored with Houston’s vocal acrobatics. Jeff Tweedy of Weezer said he hated the song, albeit he confessed that “Maybe because, as a singer, I’m not very good at it...People tend to diminish or dismiss stuff they’re bad at.” JT However, the vast majority of listeners loved the song, making it 1992’s biggest pop hit CPM and the first triple-platinum-selling single by a woman. BB It propelled The Bodyguard soundtrack to 17 million sales. It is also a hit at funerals, being the most requested record for those solemn occasions. KL


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First posted 11/28/2011; last updated 4/30/2024.