About the Album:
“The Wall was Pink Floyd’s most ambitious, sprawling concept album ever, a mammoth touring stage production, a full-length movie, and, some years later, a star-studded one-off concert in Berlin.” TB
Much had changed since Pink Floyd released their debut album in 1967, the psychedelic classic Piper at the Gates of Dawn. 1973’s Dark Side of the Moon became one of the biggest albums of all time, establishing the band as of history’s most successful and most important bands. “Gone were the days when they attracted this artsy crowd that sat quietly and enjoyed the music. Now they were on the same popularity plane as Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones playing stadiums so the audiences were rowdier, got drunk and sometimes shot off fireworks.” J1
It’s also noteworthy that the album came out at a time when “bloated orchestrations and concept albums were giving way to the sparse, three-chord structure of the punk movement. But that didn’t stop Pink Floyd from making its last great album with the original lineup.” RV
Origins
By the conclusion of their In the Flesh tour in support of their 1977 album Animals, the band were growing weary of their status as arena rockers. Bassist and singer Roger Waters found it depressing and alienating to play large stadiums. Fans couldn’t even see the band and sometimes weren’t even listening to the music. Waters was also disillusioned “with stardom and the godlike status that fans grant to simple rock stars.” BU
On the final date of the tour at the Montreal Olympic Stadium in July 1977, he spat on a particularly noisy fan who was part of a group who had been shouting at the band through the entire show. V1 Guitarist and singer David Gilmour was frustrated as well. He refused to play the encore, leaving backup guitarist Snowy White to perform. He wasn’t sure what was left for the band to do.
The Concept
After the spitting incident, Waters pitched the idea to the band of “constructing a wall or a barrier on the stage to separate himself from the audience.” WA While the band nixed that idea, the eventual stage production of the album did incorporate the actual building of a wall across the stage.
Waters developed a story around “an emotionally crippled rock star” AM “suffering the travails of superstardom.” RV He rated The Wall “the best idea he ever had.” TB The character, Pink, is based on Waters and former bandmate Syd Barrett. The story traces the protagonist “from his boyhood days in war-torn England to his self-imposed isolation as a world-renownedrock star, leading to a climax that is as questionably cathartic as it is destructive.” BU
Pink builds a metaophorical wall “between himself and the rest of the world, every emotional trouble and stress becoming another 'brick’” AD to block out the trauma he has endured, including his father’s death in World War II (based on Roger’s father’s actual death in the line of duty during WWII), an overbearing mother, a soul-sucking educational system, and a failed marriage. The largely autobiographical story became an elaborate double album which explored feelings of alienation, abandonment, isolation, and despair and how people build walls to protect themselves.
Presenting the Idea to the Band
While Gilmour and keyboardist Rick Wright were working on solo albums, Waters developed not only a 90-minute demo with the working title Bricks in the Wall, but another concept album called The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking The latter was about a “man's dreams across one night, and dealt with marriage, sex, and the pros and cons of monogamy and family life versus promiscuity.” WA
When the band reconvened in July 1978, Waters presented both ideas to the band. They unanimously chose the first. Waters eventually released the other as his first solo album in 1984.
Waters conceived the project as an album, live show, and movie from the beginning. He even brought on artist and animator Gerald Scarfe early on in the project. He provided pieces which would be used in the album art, on the tour, and in the movie.
Recording the Album
The band hired Bob Ezrin to produce The Wall, which would be the band’s eleventh studio album. He previously worked with Alice Cooper, Peter Gabriel, Kiss, and Lou Reed. Ezrin encouraged Waters to make the story less autobiographical so that it would have more widespread appeal. That helped change The Wall into “a metaphorical story of Everyman, portraying events and emotional states (albeit, in the extreme) that nearly all of us can personally relate to.” BU
The album was recorded in several locations, including France, New York, and Los Angeles from December 1978 to November 1979. Production costs were $700,000. V1 During recording, the band was advised to leave the UK by April 1979 for a minimum of one year to avoid paying UK taxes since they were at risk of bankruptcy.
Waters’ bullying behavior rubbed Ezrin and other bandmates the wrong way. At one point, Waters proclaimed that this was his album and he was just letting the others play on it. V1 Gilmour considered Waters a good lyricist, but didn’t think he was as strong at the music. V1
Rick Wright
Meanwhile, Rick Wright, who’ been with the band since the beginning, wanted a producing credit on the album. After a confrontation with Ezrin – who was often trying to take the reins on keyboard J1 – he ended up working only at night when the others weren’t around. Gilmour was annoyed by Wright’s lack of input. Wright was dealing with a divorce and missing his school-age children and has acknowledged feeling “creatively bankrupt.” J1 When the band agreed to return early from vacation to finish the album in time for a Christmas release, Wright refused to cut his time short with his family. Waters demanded that Wright be fired from the band or he would release The Wall himself as a solo album. Wright continued to work on the album and subsequent tour as a session musician.
Reception
With such an involved and complicated story, it was no wonder that the album spurned dedicated followers as well as mixed reviews. “The ambitious album is nothing short of brilliant,” RV both “beautiful and bleak, impressive in scope and production.” AD It “throws the heart out of your chest, stamps on it, then chucks it against the ceiling before it falls to the ground, leaving a bloody mess on the carpet.” AD
On one hand, it has been called “possibly the greatest rock opera ever recorded.” V1 Sales would support such a claim from a purely objective standpoint. It ranks as one of th best-selling albums of all time, and Pink Floyd’s second-best seller, only behind Dark Side of the Moon.
However, it can also be viewed as “a narcissistic, double-album rock opera” AM which even Gilmour called “a catalog of abuse and bile against people who’d never done anything to him” (meaning Waters). TB It “has become synonymous with, if not the very definition of, the term ‘concept album.’” BU AllMusic.com called it “a series of fragments that are held together by larger numbers” AM and said that while “the fully developed songs are among the finest of Pink Floyd’s later work, …The Wall is primarily a triumph of production: its seamless surface, blending melodic fragments and sound effects, makes the musical shortcomings and questionable lyrics easy to ignore.” AM
Reviewer J.T. Curtis says, The Wall is “a towering achievement” but “I get bored listening to one slow, morose tune after another.” J1 He especially thinks some of the song on the second disc show the lack of band input. J1
“If The Wall is examined in depth, it falls apart, since it doesn’t offer enough great songs to support its ambition, and its self-serving message and shiny production seem like relics of the late-‘70s Me Generation.” AM A reviewer for Melody Maker said, “‘I’m not sure whether it’s brilliant or terrible, but I find it utterly compelling.’” WA
The Tour
Waters tapped architect Mark Fisher to help design the shows. He worked with Scarfe to develop the show. The idea was to build a wall, brick by brick, during the show. It stood 33 feet high and 260 feet wide. It was comprised of 450 bricks which weighed about 22 pounds each and measured 5’ x 2 ½’ x 1’. V2 The wall would come tumbling down at the end of the show. The show also included animation and large puppets for the school teacher, mother, and wife characters from the album.
The first show was on February 7, 1980, in Los Angeles. A local radio DJ would open each show, only to be interrupted by a decoy band – complete with masks of the members of Pink Floyd – launching into “In the Flesh.” The real band then entered on the second song.
Waters also demanded that they perform the shows at smaller venues of 20,000 or less. The band only played 31 shows in support of the album with each show losing money because of the huge production cost and the band’s refusal to play larger venues. V2 It is estimated that the band lost $600,000. V2 Ironically, Richard Wright made money because he’d been kicked out of the band and was employed only as a session musician.
A live production of the album recorded in 1980 and 1981 was released in 2000 as Is There Anybody Out There?
In 1990, Waters did a one-night-only performance of The Wall with various artists in honor of the fall of the Berlin wall. In 2010, he launched a solo tour performing The Wall. He did 200 shows over the next three years making it the highest-grossing tour for a solo musician. V2
The Movie
A 99-minute film which mixed live action and animation was released in July 1982. It was directed by Alan Parker, who said it “was the worst filming experience of his life.” V3 It took 60 days to shoot, eight months to edit, and features over 10,000 handmade animated drawings.
Parker initially passed when Waters approached him. When he did agree, his fears were realized. He continuously butted heads with Waters and Scarfe over the vision for the film. Waters and Scarfe didn’t realize how difficult making a film was and Parker felt trapped by a story which prohibited him from making changes to make the story work better on film. Gilmour had to step in at the end to push to let Parker oversee the final edit of the film. It contributed to the rift between Gilmour and Waters that led to Waters departure after 1983’s The Final Cut.
Once he did agree, he had a hard time getting a studio to bite because they weren’t sure what the film was. The original plan was to incorporate live concert footage, but the idea was scrapped. Lighting was the biggest issue because it would have required shining bright lights on the audience. In the end, the band didn’t even appear in the film. Curtis considers the lack of any live performance one of the biggest flaws of the movie. J2
Waters also intended to star in the film himself, but he didn’t test well. Wanting a musician in the role of Pink, he approached Bob Geldof after seeing him in the video for “I Don’t Like Mondays” by his band, the Boomtown Rats. Geldof said no originally. He was from the punk generation and wasn’t a Floyd fan. Parker eventually convinced him.
Waters called the movie “deeply flawed” J2 and Gilmour said he thinks the story is better told through the album or the live show. J2 Because the songs so closely aligned to the original album, a soundtrack was not released.
The Songs
Here’s a breakdown of each of the individual songs.
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