Friday, August 5, 2016

Today in Music (1966): The Beatles released Revolver

Revolver

The Beatles

Released: August 5, 1966

Peak: 16 US, 17 UK, 13 AU

Sales (in millions): 5.0 US, 0.5 UK, 11.3 world (includes US and UK)

Genre: classic rock

Tracks:

Song Title (Writers) [time] (date of single release, chart peaks) Click for codes to charts.

You can check out the Beatles’ complete singles discography here.

  1. Taxman (George Harrison) [2:36] (9 CL, 22 DF)
  2. Eleanor Rigby [2:11] (8/5/66, B-side of “Yellow Submarine,” 11 BB, 12 CB, 16 HR, 1 CL, 1 UK, 1 CN, 1 AU, 1 DF)
  3. I’m Only Sleeping [2:58] (36 DF)
  4. Love You To (George Harrison) [3:00]
  5. Here, There and Everywhere [2:29] (13 DF)
  6. Yellow Submarine [2:40] (8/5/66, 2 BB, 1 CB, 1 GR, 1 HR, 1 CL, 1 UK, 1 CN, 1 AU, 3 DF)
  7. She Said, She Said [2:39] (8 CL, 27 DF)
  8. Good Day Sunshine [2:08] (16 CL, 18 DF)
  9. And Your Bird Can Sing [2:02] (12 CL, 37 DF)
  10. For No One [2:03] (24 DF)
  11. Doctor Robert [2:14] (24 DF)
  12. I Want to Tell You (George Harrison) [2:30] (39 DF)
  13. Got to Get You into My Life [2:31] (6/5/76, 7 BB, 3 CB, 9 HR, 7 RR, 9 AC, 2 CL, 1 CN, 93 AU, 9 DF)
  14. Tomorrow Never Knows [3:00] (4 CL, 25 DF)

Songs by John Lennon and Paul McCartney unless noted otherwise.

Total Running Time: 35:01

The Players:

  • John Lennon (vocals, guitar)
  • Paul McCartney (vocals, bass)
  • George Harrison (guitar, vocals)
  • Ringo Starr (drums, vocals)

Rating:

4.668 out of 5.00 (average of 31 ratings)

Quotable:

“Music’s most immaculate and innovative album.” – Clarke Speicher, The Review

Awards:

(Click on award to learn more).

About the Album:

“Many musicians changed the face of music, but only one band changed the world. With Revolver, The Beatles gave us more than we deserve.” RV “Like most Beatles albums, it could pass for a greatest hits collection.” VH1 Thanks to “consistently stunning songcraft,” AM the “songs have endured as well as any ever written” IB and “set the standard for what pop/rock could achieve.” AM “It is nearly impossible to overestimate this record.” IB “It is the album where the potential of the Beatles is most fully realized.” CM

The Best Beatles’ Album?

Revolver’s identity isn’t as clear-cut as other Beatles albums.” PM Abbey Road may be better loved, Meet the Beatles! was “life-changing for the generation coming of age when it was new,” and The White Album is probably “more respected than revered,” viewed by some as “unfocused and self-indulgent.” RR-xi Revolver “doesn’t contain any of McCartney’s tear-duct-busting singalongs. It doesn’t rock the hardest. It isn’t overly fantastical, save for ‘Eleanor Rigby’s austere, stabby violins and the band’s budding love for the sitar.” PM

However, “if you’re bringing one Beatles album to a desert island, Revolver has more than enough variety to hold your interest.” PM It has emerged as a dark horse “in lists assessing the group’s finest work.” RR-xii it is “the best introduction to their work, and the strongest single example of their magnificence.” TL It “denotes a sweet spot, synthesizing the best bits of the Fab Four’s past and future offerings.” PM

For years, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band has been hailed as the greatest album of all time, but there are some who argue Revolver is better. USA Today, for one, said, “Though less acknowledged, this psychedelic, adventurous predecessor to 1967’s Sgt. Pepper is a superior work.” UT

Pre-Revolver

The Beatles were “revolutionary when they broke through in 1962…with their string of hit singles and chaotic concert appearances…Instead of resting on those laurels…they turned on their own framework and launched a second revolution, this time in the studio.” CM In their earlier years, the Beatles struggled “with their explosive fame while meeting a ridiculous schedule imposed by the record industry. With Rubber Soul in late 1965, their carefully constructed image as lovable moptops began to disintegrate, their world view started to expand, and their music matured by leaps and bounds. Biographer Nicholas Schaffner likened that album to the moment in The Wizard of Oz when Dorothy’s world goes from black and white to Technicolor.” JD

Pushing the Boundaries of Rock

“Rubber Soul only treaded water in the matters of turning pop-rock into art-rock.” GS However, Revolver “is the album where pop music sheds any residual limitations and stops second guessing what it may be capable of.” CM It “covered so much new stylistic ground and executed it perfectly on one record.” AM It “sparked subgenres with every track,” RR-xiii earning a reputation as “music’s most immaculate and innovative album.” RV

It pushed “the sonic boundaries of rock farther than any other LP in history” JA with “some of the most innovative and gorgeous production heard then or since,” VH1 It “declared rock and roll to be a wide-open field, something that could encompass the orchestral and the eastern, the romantic, the transcendental, and the whimsical.” VH1

Revolver is “arguably the first psychedelic rock album.” CD “From that album on, sitars and backward-masking have stood as musical shorthand for ‘60s psychedelia.” VH1

Re-Defining the Album

Revolver established the “enduring rules for the long-players (hot stuff up front, difficult tunes in the back, swirly ones just before you flip it over).” EW’12 The album also “finds the Beatles at their best as a band and as individual players.” JD In addition, it “conveyed the full narrative of the Beatles over 14 songs, from the hands-up garage jam ‘Taxman’ to the sunny beach romp ‘Good Day Sunshine’ to the churning psychedelic space walk that is ‘Tomorrow Never Knows.’” EW’12

“Most important, Revolver pioneered the idea of a rock album as a singular, complete entity, one that made the transition from short bursts of teenage sugar to a cohesive whole that could be analyzed, dissected, obsessed over, and indulged in – you know, art.” EW’12

In the Studio

In 1963, the Beatles were given a single day to produce their first album, Please Please Me. By 1966, they’d earned the right to take as long as they wanted in the studio. RR-97 When plans to make another movie fell through, they found themselves with three months of unscheduled time which could be devoted to writing and recording. Because they were on the verge of abandoning live recording, they were also free to “produce songs that they had no intention of ever producing live.” RR-98 They were also established enough that they could take risks with odd experiments. RR-19

In short, the Beatles were “looking to rewrite the rules of both how music was recorded and thus how it would be heard.” CM Studio engineer Geoff Emerick said, “The group encouraged us to break the rules…It was implanted…that every instrument should sound unlike itself: a piano shouldn’t sound like a piano, a guitar shouldn’t sound like a guitar.” CM Ringo Starr said, “The songs got more interesting, so with that the effects got more interesting.” CM

Among the techniques the Beatles employed on the album were backwards recording and double track recording. The former created an “otherworldly and uneasy” CM feeling which allowed for two vocals to be combined. They could also use a machine to speed up and slow down the recording. CM

Themes

The Beatles’ “best album…retains the power to transport listeners to a complex and spiritual world beyond everyday mundanities.” JD “Revolver is often mischaracterized as an album about the desire to escape, but it is really the exact opposite. In their own distinctive ways as musicians and songwriters (Harrison comes to the fore for the first time by contributing three songs), the Beatles are each exploring different methods of peeling back surface realities to expose a deeper, more meaningful way of life.” JD “The sognwriters looked at society with fresh eyes, questioning…public deficits and failings.” CM

The Album Title and Cover

“The album title is an in-joke referring to the revolving slab of vinyl that carried these sounds in the days before CDs, while the cover art evokes the creative process with a collage of images flowing out of the musicians' heads.” JD

The Songs

Here’s thoughts on each of the songs individually.

“Taxman”
“Revolver roars to life” RV with “the fantastically funky and ominous” JA “Taxman.” It marked the first – and only time – a Beatles’ album opened with a Harrison composition. The song unexpectedly starts “with a disembodied voice mumbling ‘One, two, three, four...’ accompanied by tape-sped guitar sounds and a cough.” VH1

The “tightly wound, cynical rocker” AM featured “a fantastically ferocious guitar solo from, of all people, Paul McCartney.” IB He said he wanted to try something “musically fiery in the spirit of early Hendrix – ‘feedback-y and crazy.’” RR-128 He drew from exotic Eastern scales rather than bluesy, Western ones. RR-128

As “the Beatles’ first serious social statement,” GS this “bitter diatribe” CD “openly question[s] governmental authority.” JD It is a “stinging attack on British taxation.” RV John assisted George to give his “already-biting lyrics some extra sting.” RR-126

“Eleanor Rigby”
With its “sharp social commentary” JD “Eleanor Rigby” is “Paul’s “highest profile contribution to Revolver.” RR-81 It was a “bleak portrait of loneliness” CD shaped by “melancholy strings.” TL As his “first (and one of the most successful) attempts at a 'serious' song,” GS Paul considered “Eleanor Rigby” “an artistic breakthrough: something beyond the mere pop stylings in which he’d trafficked to this point, a direction that could sustain him well into the future, after the ‘bubble burst’ on his Beatles career.” RR-132-3

The lyric “must have stopped Dylan in his tracks, emerging from the voice that had sung ‘Can't Buy Me Love’ just two years earlier.” IB His “most complex narrative...feature[s] two seemingly unrelated plots – that of the isolated Eleanor Rigby and the equally alienated Father MacKenzie.” RV Paul’s boyhood friend, Pete Shotton, was the one who suggested that the two lonely people cross paths when the priest officiates Rigby’s funeral. RR-82 Paul has claimed he just made up the name, but a monument with the name was found in a graveyard next to the church where John and Paul met in 1957. RR-83

Musically, the song featured an “appropriate and dramatic string section.” AD Producer George Martin had pushed for the use of a string quartet on “Yesterday” in 1965; this time a full-fledged string octet was used. “Eleanor Rigby” was the only Beatles song which didn’t feature any of the Fab Four playing any instruments. RV

“I’m Only Sleeping”
John had entered into what he later called his “Fat Elvis” stage in which he became slothful about writing and creating songs. RR-88 However, even in his laziness, he wrote an ode which was originally “a quite literal account of his need for slumber” RR-88 but became “a dreamy tune about floating upstream,” JD “escaping from the world’s transient but persistent demands.” RR-88

The song “foreshadows the full-blown psychedelic voyage of ‘Tomorrow Never Knows.’” JD John’s vocals were recorded a slower speed and then double-tracked, RR-131 which gave the song a druggy feeling, “as if he had just woken up.” RV Paul suggested that George play his guitar solo backwards “to add to Lennon’s heady vibe.” RV As a result, the song “seems to exist in that beautiful place between dream and awake.” RV

The Kinks’ Ray Davies called it “the best thing on the album,” adding that “I can imagine they had George Martin tied to a totem pole when they did this.” RR-176

“Love You To”
George’s second composition on the album is one of his “finest moments.” AD His “exotic sermon” RR-66 concerning “the cosmic mind” GS was written on the sitar and performed almost entirely on Indian instruments. The song arguably gave birth to world music RR-xiii by exhibiting the sitar and George’s Eastern influences in a “daring, brave, experimental [that] comes across as perfectly natural.” AD It’s “the best of his Eastern ragas because it's the most frantic, with the sitar chasing the vocals through the song.” JD

“Here, There and Everywhere”
Paul was directly inspired to write “Here, There, and Everywhere” by Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys. Paul has called their song “God Only Knows” the greatest pop song ever. Paul’s song “is sweet and romantic without being saccharine” JD – he “took the layered harmonies ot the Beach Boys and married them to a bittersweet melody that perfectly conveyed the intersection of love and outright need.” CM It featured delicate harmonies, a double-tracked lead vocal, and layered, melodic guitar lines, RR-144-5 not to mention a “Pet Sounds style” AD “bass [that] gently beats – rising and rising.” AD John only expressed envy over two songs written by Paul – this one and “For No One.” RV

“Yellow Submarine”
“Of course, there's everyone's all-time favorite sing-along novelty tune – ‘Yellow Submarine.’” JA While “a children's song on the face,” AD this “charmingly hallucinogenic slice of childhood whimsy” AM offers up “more production tricks and effects than...any song here apart from ‘Tomorrow Never Knows.’” AD With its “uses of samples...voices [and] the big, fat and joyously happy bass line,” AD the song “points the way forward towards Sgt. Pepper.” AD

Part of the experimentation was designed to give the song some aquatic sounds. John blrew air through straws into a bucket of water and George sloshed water in a metal bathtub. In an effort to simulate underwater singing, John tried gargling and singing, which nearly choked him. They also submerged a microphone in water – protected by a condom – but it only produced a muffled sound. RR-141

The song was given to Ringo to sing because he gave it an “everyman” voice, deflating suggestions of pretension. RR-65 It was the first time the A-side of a single featured Ringo on vocals. RR-168

“She Said She Said”
“A drug-induced conversation with Peter Fonda inspired Lennon to write” RV “the spiraling ‘She Said She Said.’” AM “Fonda's comment, ‘I know what it's like to be dead,’ laid the ground work for the song’s opening line and other hazy musings.” RV “It was a milestone in the history of rock lyrics, as the first masked description of an acid trip and its, er, ‘side effects.’” GS Those lyrics are paired with “Ringo’s great sounding drums [and an] interweaving duelling guitar effect.” AD “The soaring guitar, rolling drums, and flowing bass…carry on a spirited discussion that recalls the non-stop babble of the L.A. acid trip.” JD

The song, the last recorded for the album, was one of the few on which Paul didn’t play. There are different stories as to why, but there was speculation that Paul walked out of the sessions because John asked George for help in writing the song instead of him. RR-146-8

“Good Day Sunshine”
On “I’m Only Sleeping,” John “could not bear the thought of daylight rousing him from his slumber.” RR-74 By contrast, on the “upbeat” CD “Good Day Sunshine,” Paul can’t wait to embrace the day. Paul was inspired by the “sunny sounds” of “Daydream” by the Lovin’ Spoonful. RR-73 While the songs didn’t sound similar, they shared an “old-timey soft-shoe sensibility.” RR-73

Paul did most of the instrumentals, except the solo and drums, on the keyboard-driven tune. RR-143 Broadway composer Leonard Bernstein praised the song’s musical sophistication. JD “With its peculiar marching rhythms and a great optimistic feel,” GS this “is another fine song possibly pointing the way towards Sgt. Pepper production wise.” AD

“And Your Bird Can Sing”
Early takes of this song, “buried...in a maze of multi-tracked guitars,” AM “came off as blatantly Byrdsian” RR-43 until the Beatles rethought making such an obvious homage and scrapped it. RR-43 It may have been inspired by Frank Sinatra’s use of the word “bird” as a phallic reference. RR-89 The song mocks “the limitations of analytical thought.” JD

“For No One”
The “beautifully sad” AD “piano-driven” GS ‘For No One’ is “is a lament about a broken love, but with serious lyrical undertones.” GS It “boasts the single finest addition producer George Martin ever made to a Beatles track, via a regal French horn solo.” JD The “minimally produced” DBW song “captures a couple’s fading love through a series of flashbacks.” RV Ironically, Paul began the song while on a skiing holiday in Switzerland with Jane Asher. RR-80

The song, originally titled “Why Did It Die?,” used a clavichord, which is different than a harpsichord because the strings are struck instead of being plucked. RR-136

“Doctor Robert”
John’s “experiments with LSD...resulted in the first openly psychedelic songs.” GS “The album’s catchiest guitar-based tune” CM was a “jaunty throwaway” JD about recreational drug use was a “tongue-in-cheek salute to a drug-dispensing physician.” RR-121 It sparked a lot of speculation about who Doctor Robert was. Some thought it might be Bob Dylan, who introduced Lennon to marijuana in 1964. Other candidates were Dr. Robert Freymann who specialized in giving speed-laced B-12 shots to musicians and Dr. Max Jacobson who treated famous people with injected cocktails of vitamins and amphetamines. RR-86

“I Want to Tell You”
On his “jaunty yet dissonant ‘I Want to Tell You’” AM George offers “general commentary on communication breakdown” RR-68 by serving up “self-analysis of his own inarticualateness.” RR-66 The song is “a celebration of how songwriting let him express himself.” CM He “presents...a vivid picture of a stuttering, confused mind, and the song’s dreary, dreamy mood only accentuates this.” GS “The elastic guitar and bass interplay…nicely evokes the circular philosophy of karma that the guitarist had newly embraced.” JD

It was the first time George contributed three songs to a Beatles’ album, “up from the usual two he was restricted to.” RV That may have been because John didn’t have any other songs ready. RR-142 George also challenged “Lennon-McCartney's songwriting dominance” RS by being “the first of the band” GS to largely shun “generic love ballads from his repertoire.” GS

“Got to Get You into My Life”
This “bold, brassy slab of American-styled R&B” RR-84 was the first Beatles’ song to feature horns. RR-84 It “is a soulful Motown homage.” JD It might be the kind of song Paul had in mind when the group was looking into recording at Stax in the U.S. RR-111 While a seemingly straightforward love song, this was actually Paul’s ode to weed. RR-84

“Tomorrow Never Knows”
While it’s the last song on the album, “’Tomorrow Never Knows’ was actually the first song recorded…Originally entitled ‘The Void’ (the new name came from one of Ringo’s typically mangled pet phrases.” JD Lennon was inspired to “dabble in psychedelia” RV by drug guru Timothy Leary’s book The Psychedelic Experience and the Tibetan Book of the Dead.

Lennon attempts “to distill an LSD trip into a three-minute song.” RS “With its dense wall of noise” AD and Lennon’s “eerie...vocal,” CD this is “the most innovative track on the album” RS and “the most radical departure from previous Beatles’ recordings.” CD It “effectively kicked off the psychedelic rock movement” TL and anticipated electronica. RR-xiii

"’Turn off your mind, relax, and float downstream,’ Lennon sings. His voice is both intimate and distant, as if he's whispering in your ear from somewhere over the horizon.” JD John Lennon said, “Mmake me sound like the Dalai Lama chanting from a mountaintop.’” TL To achieve the effect, a recording console had to be opened and the circuitry altered. CM

Beneath it all are “Ringo’s thundering, menacing drumbeats and layers of overdubbed, phased guitars and tape loops” AM with “each of the members fading in and out.” RV “Every song leading up to this grand finale has Revolver knocking at the door of greatness, while ‘Tomorrow Never Knows’ kicks it off the hinges.” RV

Notes:

“I’m Only Sleeping,” “And Your Bird Can Sing,” and “Doctor Robert” were omitted from the U.S. version of the album because they’d already been released on the U.S.-only album Yesterday…and Today in June 1966. The UK version of the album was the official release when Revolver came out on CD.

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First posted 2/15/2008; last updated 7/14/2024.

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